Neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Hunter's syndrome) or sensory motor neuropathies (e.g. Syndromes associated with progressive hearing loss (e.g., neurofibromatosis, osteopetrosis, Usher's syndrome) Neonatal indicators: hyperbilirubinemia requiring exchange transfusion, persistent pulmonary hypertension associated with mechanical ventilation, conditions requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation In utero infection (e.g., toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus infection, herpes, syphilis) Useful testing tools include a two-point discrimination- measuring device, the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test, a 256 cps tuning fork, and a vibrometer. Postnatal infection associated with sensorineural hearing loss (e.g., meningitis) Physical features or other stigmata associated with a syndrome known to include sensorineural or conductive hearing loss or eustachian tube dysfunction Parental or caregiver concern about hearing, speech, language, or developmental delayįamily history of permanent hearing loss during childhood Tuning forks can be found in the doctors office for such uses as a simple quick test for fractures called facilitation of bone conduction test. Physical features or other stigmata associated with a syndrome known to include sensorineural or conductive hearing loss Illness or condition requiring admission to neonatal intensive care unit for at least 48 hours In utero infection (e.g., toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus infection, herpes) This type of testing generally involves selecting a specific frequency of tuning fork (dependent upon the type of test being conducted) and activating it over bone or near the ear canal. Limitations Limitations in this study included: 1. Tuning forks of various frequencies can be used to test for pallesthesia as well as hearing disorders through the Weber and Rinne tests. There will be no significant difference between correct and incorrect fracture assessments via the tuning fork and stethoscope fracture testing method when compared with an x-ray diagnosis. Family history of permanent sensorineural hearing loss during childhood assessments via the compression clinical fracture test when compared with an x-ray diagnosis.
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